Freezing Step in Lyophilization Contents 1 1. Introduction 2 2. Physico-chemical fundamentals of freezing 3 2.1 Freezing phenomena: supercooling, ice nucleation and ice crystal formation 4 2.2 Crystallization and vitrification of solutes 5 2.3 Phase separation and other types of freezing behavior 6 3. Modifications of the freezing step 7 3.1 Shelf-ramped freezing 8 3.2 …
Application of Thermal Insulation in Buildings in Malaysia 1.2 – Problem Statement Energy saving in buildings has become a question of crucial importance in many countries. At the same time, the requirements for satisfactory indoor climate with low electricity consumption have increased which prompt the supply and demand for energy efficient homes. The battle against …
Application Of Thermal Insulation In Buildings In Malaysia Read More »
Determination of Heat of Neutralization PRACTICAL 15:DETERMINATION OF HEAT OF NEUTRALIZATION Data collection: |Reaction |Initial Temperature/°C (±0. 25) |Final Temperature of Mixture/°C (±0. 25) | | |Acid |Base | | |HNO3 + NaOH |28. 00 |28. 25 |34. 50 | |HNO3 + KOH |28. 25 |28. 25 |34. 00 | |HCl + NaOH |28. 25 …
Infrared thermography is a non-contact imaging technique for visualising infrared radiation. The IR radiation emitted from an object has different intensity depending on its surface temperature. An IR camera detector senses the IR radiation and electronically displays a visual image of the temperatures – a thermal image or thermogram. Since infrared radiation is emitted by …
The study of an association existing amidst warmth and other types of energy is studied in a branch of physics known as thermodynamics-. The Honda Civic has come up with a new model of the engine better than the previous generations of Honda engines. The improvements on the 2016 engines have made everyone with the …
New 2016 1.5L Honda Civic Engine and the Applied Laws of Thermodynamics Read More »
How does an engine work? Which thermodynamic cycle does it follow? Well, a Carnot cycle is a thermodynamic cycle that gives us the best efficiency possible. It involves two reversible isothermal transitions and two reversible adiabatic transitions. But what exactly is a Carnot engine? Let us study more about it below. Suggested Videos Carnot Engine …
The thermocouple is a type of temperature measuring sensor or thermoelectric sensing element consisting of two dissimilar materials (metals) with two junctions. One junction is referred to as the Cold Junction or reference junction and the temperature at this junction is constant. The other is referred to as the Hot Junction or measuring junction. When …
The Thermoregulatory system is used to regulate the internal body temperature. The level at which the body is regulated to is called Homeostasis this is state where the body is at its equilibrium. Some of the main components of the thermoregulatory system are the skin (feathers), cardiovascular system, and the brain. The Emperor Penguins (Aptenodytes …
A beetroot was used to determine the changes that happen due to increase in temperature. A cylinder of beetroot was cut into 1 cm for 15 pieces and was left in distilled water to remove its excess dye. Five test tubes filled with 10 cmᵌ distilled water were placed in different temperature water bath (25˚C, …
Laws of Thermodynamics The laws define the fundamental physical quantities that characterize the thermodynamic systems. The three laws of thermodynamics are the basis for the real magnitude. The first law of thermodynamics, also Law of Conservation of Energy, states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed and its constant in an isolated system. The …
How Law of Thermodynamics Can be Used in Production of Different Sources of Energy Read More »
The enthalpy-entropy chart, also known as the Mollier diagram, has different technical applications. It is widely used to estimate the enthalpy of pure substances and the mixtures of substances that are most frequently found in Engineering. Mollier’s chart serves to simplify calculations of enthalpy, entropy, pressure, temperature, specific volume and the quality of steam and …
Analysis of the Mollier diagram to simplify the calculations of thermodynamic magnitudes Read More »
Lab Discussion -Experiment 9: Thermochemistry In this experiment, we have the opportunity to observe the role thermodynamics plays in chemical reactions and all of the mechanics that pertain with how it works. The objectives of this experiment were accomplished through the use of calorimetry, the acknowledgment of endothermic and exothermic rules, and through the use …
The Role of Thermodynamics Laws in Chemistry: A Conducted Experiment Results Read More »
